Lectura y comprensión de texto (Parte 3)

Lección 56

La lectura es un aspecto fundamental en el aprendizaje del idioma inglés. Existen ciertos beneficios fundamentales que traen aparejada la lectura y comprensión de textos en esta lengua. Entre estos beneficios, podemos destacar:

A) Vocabulario / Vocabulary

Cuando se procede a leer un texto en inglés, se comprende una mayor cantidad de palabras y por ende se incrementa considerablemente el vocabulario adquirido en este idioma. Más importante aún, se logra que nuestro cerebro deduzca palabras nuevas del contexto antes de siquiera utilizar un diccionario (por supuesto que sea inglés-inglés). No solo se aprenden nuevas palabras sino que se repasan muchas otras que antes se habían aprendido y que al leer se consolidan mejor en nuestro propio vocabulario.

B) Gramática / Grammar

Al leer un texto, no solo se logra identificar estructuras sino reforzar el uso de dichas estructuras a través del contexto. Muchas veces al estudiar diversas estructuras gramaticales, leemos solo temas relacionados a los objetivos de una unidad. La lectura permite ver como todas las diversas estructuras logran una armonía y hacen que forme un mensaje unificado. Se ven tiempos de pasado, presente y futuro en acción y esto es vital para formar fluidez y no estar limitados a patrones rígidos que hacen del inglés un curso sin dinámica.

C) Redacción / Writing

Esta es una de las áreas más complicadas del aprendizaje del inglés. La lectura ayuda mucho a mejorar la redacción dado que al leer diversas frases, el cerebro las incorpora como modelos a reproducir en un futuro. Un ejemplo de ello son los emails de negocios. Si se leen estos correos de forma seguida, escribir un email resultará mucho más fácil.

D) Comprensión de Texto / Reading Comprehension

La comprensión lectora representa una orientación fundamental para el desarrollo de las habilidades de pensamiento del ser humano; es decir, hablar, escuchar, leer y escribir. El proceso está encaminado hacia el inglés como lengua extranjera. Además, constituye un enfoque que sirve de referencia para ejecutar tanto los procesos educativos como formativos, a corto, mediano y largo plazo. Comprender lo que se lee está relacionado con la capacidad de entendimiento del estudiante en dicha lengua, y el saber hacer en un contexto determinado.

A) Lea el artículo y realice el ejercicio

Hotel Guides

BOOK A

Existing entries (= hotels that are included in the guidebooks) are visited annually, not always for an overnight stay, though anonymous overnight visits are made in the case of new entries and any hotels that have received adverse reader reports. About 10 per cent of each year's entries are new. The editors are alerted to new hotels by readers' recommendations. Successful hotels, they say, 'must be clean and decent, with welcoming and visible owners, and a high quality of furnishings and facilities. Small detail - the position of light switches, the strength of the shower - is essential.'

BOOK B

The entries (= items) in this guide cover hotels of 'unusual character and quality'. New hotels are introduced by a reader who has spent at least one night there and whose recommendation is supported by others. The guide relies a great deal on a database, built up over the years. Entries are comprehensive and readers' comments add much detail. But the range is limited - mostly small rural hotels.

BOOK C

Designed for the motorist and business traveller, it manages to pack information on 6,000 entries into a slim volume by using symbols rather than text. New entries come recommended by readers or inspectors or as a result of tip-offs from specialist hotel publications. Once the symbols are cracked, the entries are objective and comprehensive, both in range of accommodation and geographical spread. Town maps, information on distances, restaurants and nearby attractions are all useful.

BOOK D

Descriptions are clear and not extravagant. Although hotels pay to be included in the guide, this is not made clear. Existing entries receive an annual, undercover, overnight visit; two to three per cent are dropped each year. The guide is professional and thorough. The text, though never critical, is concise and informative. Hotels often take out advertisements that appear on the same page as their entry.

Consigna: ¿A qué libro (A-D) se refieren los siguientes comentarios? Escriba la letra correcta en cada uno de los espacios a continuación.

It does not include a wide variety of hotels. (_____)

It is aimed at specific markets. (_____)

There are no negative comments about the hotels in it. (_____)

Readers may not realize what hotels have to do in order to appear in it. (_____)

Hotels are visited if readers have criticized them. (_____)

The hotels in it are not described in words. (_____)

More than one favourable report from readers is required for a new hotel to be included in it. (_____)

Minor matters are regarded as important. (_____)

A small number of the hotels in it one year do not appear in it the following year. (_____)

It claims to include hotels that are different from the majority of hotels. (_____)

Respuestas correctas:

It does not include a wide variety of hotels. (__B__)

It is aimed at specific markets. (_ C__)

There are no negative comments about the hotels in it. (__D__)

Readers may not realize what hotels have to do in order to appear in it. (__D__)

Hotels are visited if readers have criticized them. (__A__)

The hotels in it are not described in words. (__C__)

More than one favourable report from readers is required for a new hotel to be included in it. (__B__)

Minor matters are regarded as important. (__A__)

A small number of the hotels in it one year do not appear in it the following year. (__D__)

It claims to include hotels that are different from the majority of hotels. (__B__)

2) Lea el artículo y realice el ejercicio

A Rock Star

A. 'I don't have a death-wish (= a desire to die). I don't feel like I'm going to die. But I do like being in situations where that's possible.' So says Leo Houlding. This would be alarming stuff from anyone, but from a 16-year-old it is especially worrying. Some people might ask: 'Where are the parents?' As it happens, they're right beside him. 'We've always tried to give Leo as much independence as possible and let him do his own thing,' says his father. 'And I don't think we can put any restrictions on it.'

B. 'It' does not refer to drugs or delinquent behaviour, but to rock climbing. Leo Houlding is, quite simply, a phenomenon in the art of climbing, a vast and courageous talent packed into a slight and still-growing frame. Plenty of 16-year-olds are involved in sport at a high level. But what Leo does best is extremely dangerous. Should he make a mistake and fall, serious injury or death are likely consequences.

C. In recent years, most top climbers around the world have moved away from more traditional styles, preferring to focus on technical ability rather than risk. This approach, called sport climbing, relies on bolts that can be drilled anywhere on a rock, allowing climbers to fall off without injury as they practise difficult moves. In Britain, however, the pendulum is swinging back. While sport climbing continues to be popular, risk is back in fashion and Leo is one of the top risk-taking climbers. 'I like his attitude,' says Johnny Dawes, one of the best climbers of the previous generation. 'He's immense fun to be with and he's not swayed by anyone else's opinion.'

D. Even so, finding a balance between doing something very remarkable and attempting something totally foolish has always been difficult, and older climbers have suggested Leo is over-confident and the price he might pay for that could be very high indeed. Leo's record has brought increasing attention from sponsors and the media. He seems unaffected by it all, and given the positive influences around him, it is unlikely such pressures will force him to take risks he shouldn't.

Consigna: ¿Qué sección del artículo (A-D) contiene los siguientes puntos? Escriba la letra correcta en cada uno de los espacios a continuación.

a method of climbing that is relatively safe (__ __)

a statement that might worry people (__ __)

how enjoyable it is to spend time with Leo (__ __)

the commercial result of Leo's success at climbing (__ __)

the fact that Leo has not finished developing physically (__ __)

a way in which Leo differs from other people of his age (__ __)

a belief that Leo will not do anything too dangerous in the future (__ __)

a feeling of enjoyment when in great danger (__ __)

changes in the methods of climbing favoured by climbers (__ __)

a criticism that has been made of Leo (__ __)

Respuestas correctas:

a method of climbing that is relatively safe (__C__)

a statement that might worry people (__A__)

how enjoyable it is to spend time with Leo (__C__)

the commercial result of Leo's success at climbing (__D__)

the fact that Leo has not finished developing physically (__B__)

a way in which Leo differs from other people of his age (__B__)

a belief that Leo will not do anything too dangerous in the future (__D__)

a feeling of enjoyment when in great danger (__A__)

changes in the methods of climbing favoured by climbers (__C__)

a criticism that has been made of Leo (__D__)


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